ABSTRACT
In associative learning, experience enables an animal to associate a conditioned stimulus with some other meaningful stimulus producing either positive or negative effects. In this way, on a subsequent encounter, the response that was previously elicited only by the meaningful stimulus is then elicited by the conditioned stimulus as well. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether wild Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart, 1835) females are able to associate the presence of quinine sulphate (QS) in the composition of oviposition substrates with the presence of brewer's yeast (a protein source). First, the females were submitted to an experience period with artificial substrate containing brewer's yeast + QS (YQS substrate). After this period, the females were allowed to choose between substrates with or without QS. In one group, the substrates contained brewer's yeast (YQS x Y substrates); in the other group, the substrates contained only agar (AQS x A substrates). In the YQS x Y choice situation, a smaller quantity of eggs was found on YQS substrates, only on the first choice day. In the AQS x A choice situation, there was no preference for one of the substrates on each of the three choice days. However, we think it is too early to state that A. obliqua females are not able to perform the association in question. These flies show a high behavioral flexibility concerning their oviposition behavior strategies. Besides, this behavior, in this species, includes several stages. Based on it, possible explanations for the results are discussed in this study.
ABSTRACT
Several factors influence the selection of oviposition substrates by insects. The aim of the present work was to find answers to the following questions related to the oviposition behavior of Anastrepha obliqua. Can carbohydrates (glucose or sucrose) present in the adult diet have influence on the female preference for an oviposition substrate with similar composition? Can the previous experience with a host containing one of mentioned carbohydrates interfere in further selection of oviposition substrates? The results showed that the kind of carbohydrate present in the adult diet did not affect the female preference for an artificial oviposition substrate, neither when it was presented by itself nor in combination with brewer's yeast. The effect of experience in the oviposition behavior was observed when there was a previous contact with artificial oviposition substrates containing yeast and sucrose. The data are discussed in terms of the behavioral plasticity presented by this species in relation to feeding and oviposition behaviors.
Vários fatores podem atuar durante a seleção de substratos para oviposição por insetos. O presente estudo teve por objetivo responder às seguintes questões relacionadas ao comportamento de oviposição de Anastrepha obliqua. O carboidrato presente na dieta do adulto (glicose ou sacarose) pode influenciar a preferência da fêmea por um substrato para oviposição com composição semelhante? A experiência prévia com um hospedeiro que possui um dos dois carboidratos citados pode interferir em escolhas futuras entre substratos para oviposição? Os resultados indicaram que o tipo de carboidrato presente na dieta do adulto não exerceu influência sobre a preferência das fêmeas por um substrato artificial para oviposição, tanto quando em combinação com lêvedo de cerveja ou quando sozinho. O efeito da experiência no comportamento de oviposição foi notado quando o contato prévio foi com substratos artificiais para oviposição contendo lêvedo e sacarose. Os resultados são discutidos com base na plasticidade comportamental apresentada pela espécie com relação ao comportamento alimentar e de oviposição.